Military's aid operations help promote US interests
by Dan De Luce, Agence France-Presse
Posted at 11/14/2013 7:35 AM | Updated as of 11/14/2013 7:35 AM
WASHINGTON - The US military's relief efforts in the storm-ravaged Philippines will save lives, but also illustrate how humanitarian operations promote Washington's interests in the Asia-Pacific, experts said Wednesday.
The rapid deployment of US naval ships, cargo planes, helicopters and troops to the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan underscores America's growing emphasis on disaster relief missions.
These are seen as a strategic tool, allowing the United States to exert "soft power" through means usually tied to "hard power."
"Having assets in the region allows the United States to provide aid assistance in ways that augment US leadership and legitimacy in Asia," according to a report released Wednesday by Ely Ratner of the Center for a New American Security, a think tank with close ties to the Obama administration.
The Pentagon's version of "disaster diplomacy" evolved after the Cold War, with US officials adopting a broader approach to forging security ties with other states.
A pivotal moment came in 2004, when a massive tsunami in Asia led both Jakarta and Washington to set aside differences over human rights, permitting the US military to deliver major logistical aid.
"The scale and scope of that was so enormous and overwhelming that it really overrode the political tensions that had been building between the two countries and had kept relations at a low level," said Michael Auslin of the American Enterprise Institute think tank.
The military aid effort, similar to the current elaborate operation in the Philippines, showed Indonesia that the Pentagon's humanitarian help came "with no strings attached" and was truly "selfless," Auslin told AFP.
The episode "helped put US-Indonesia relations on a completely new trajectory," he said.
Defense ties with Indonesia gradually improved afterward, with cooperation on maritime security and peacekeeping. And in August, the Pentagon announced the sale of eight Apache attack helicopters to Jakarta.
US forces stepped in to assist Japan after that country's 2011 earthquake and tsunami, steadying relations between the allies after strains over the American's military's presence on Okinawa.
The recent disasters are "tragedies that no one wants to happen," but humanitarian operations and related exercises are also a way of cultivating trust, Auslin said.
"There are a lot of countries that want to have better relations with the United States but are wary of having an open alliance," he said.
Taking part in humanitarian exercises offers a way to build ties with the US military without antagonizing China, he added.
Officials believe the disaster relief drills are also a way of opening the door to better dialogue with China's army, which is taking part in talks in Hawaii this week focused on humanitarian operations.
In annual "Balikatan" exercises between the US military and Philippines, the scenario in the past two years has been a disaster resembling the crisis now unfolding in the country, said a senior Marine Corps official.
"This is a classic example of why we need to be forward deployed and forward engaged, why we conduct theatre security cooperation, why we establish these relationships," the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told reporters.
Pursuing humanitarian assistance, including training and joint exercises, has been a "key priority" in Asia and elsewhere for Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel and his predecessors, said Pentagon spokesman George Little.
"The speed with which US forces are able to respond to Typhoon Haiyan highlights the importance of the humanitarian assistance and disaster relief exercises we carry out regularly in the Asia-Pacific," Little told a news conference Tuesday.
The price tag for the relief missions is miniscule compared to combat operations, and the Pentagon in a budget document called them "low-cost, non-obtrusive and highly effective."
The deployment of the carrier Abraham Lincoln and other ships for the Asian tsunami of 2004 cost an estimated $857 million, according to Jonah Blank of the RAND Corporation think tank.
"That's roughly the price of three days' operations in Afghanistan last year," he wrote in USA Today.
The Philippines was hit by a typhoon just as Manila and Washington were negotiating an agreement to expand the US military's access to the country's bases and ports, amid appeals for more American support to counter China's territorial claims in the South China Sea.
"What I think you'll see is that political relations between Manila and Washington will come out stronger from this," Auslin said.
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