Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
USS Oliver Hazard Perry
The USS Oliver Hazard Perry (FFG-7) in August 1979, underway in the Great Lakes of North America.
Class overview
Name:Oliver Hazard Perry
Builders:Bath Iron Works
Todd Pacific Shipyards San Pedro
Todd Pacific Shipyards Seattle
Australian Marine Engineering Consolidated
Bazan
China Shipbuilding
Operators: United States Navy
 Royal Australian Navy
 Royal Bahrain Naval Force
 Republic of China Navy
 Egyptian Navy
Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Navy
 Polish Navy
 Spanish Navy
 Turkish Navy
Preceded by:Brooke-class frigate
Succeeded by:Freedom-class littoral combat ship
Independence-class littoral combat ship
Subclasses:Adelaide class (Australia)
Santa María class (Spain)
Cheng Kung class (Taiwan)
Built:1975–2004
In commission:1977–Present
Completed:71
Active:13 (US Navy)
General characteristics
Type:Frigate
Displacement:4,100 long tons (4,200 t) full load
Length:408 ft (124 m) waterline,
445 ft (136 m) overall,
453 ft (138 m) for "long-hull" frigates
Beam:45 ft (14 m)
Draft:22 ft (6.7 m)
Propulsion:2 × General Electric LM2500-30 gas turbines generating 41,000 shp (31 MW) through a single shaft and variable pitch propeller
2 × Auxiliary Propulsion Units, 350 hp(260 kW) retractable electric azimuth thrusters for maneuvering and docking.
Speed:over 29 knots (54 km/h)
Range:4,500 nmi (8,300 km; 5,200 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
Complement:176
Sensors and
processing systems:		Radar: AN/SPS-49, AN/SPS-55, Mk 92fire control system
Sonar: SQS-56, SQR-19 Towed Array
Electronic warfare
& decoys:		SLQ-32(V)2, Flight III with sidekick,
Mark 36 SRBOC
AN/SLQ-25 Nixie
Armament:
One single-arm Mk 13 Missile Launcherwith a 40-missile magazine that containsSM-1MR anti-aircraft guided missilesand Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Removed from the U.S. Navy ships starting in 2003, due to the retirement of the SM-1 missile from American service
Mk 38 Mod 2 Naval Gun Systemsinstalled on platforms over the removed MK 13 launchers
Two triple Mark 32 Anti-submarine warfare torpedo tubes with Mark 46 orMark 50 anti-submarine warfaretorpedoes
One OTO Melara 76 mm/62 caliber naval gun
One 20 mm Phalanx CIWS rapid-fire cannon
Eight Hsiung Feng II SSM or four HF-2 and 4 HF-3 supersonic AShM, plus 2 Bofors 40mm/L70 guns (on Taiwanese vessels only)
Aircraft carried:Two LAMPS multi-purpose helicopters (the SH-2 Seasprite LAMPS I on the short-hulled ships or the SH-60Seahawk LAMPS III on the long-hulled ships)
The Oliver Hazard Perry class is a class of frigates named after the American Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, the hero of the naval Battle of Lake Erie. Also known as the Perry or FFG-7 class, the warships were designed in the United States in the mid-1970s as general-purpose escort vessels inexpensive enough to be bought in large quantities to replace World War II-era destroyers and 1960s-era Knox class frigates. Intended to protect amphibious landing forces, supply and replenishment groups, and merchant convoys from submarines, they also later were part of battleship-centric surface action groups and aircraft carrier battle groups/strike groups.[1] Fifty-five ships were built in the United States: 51 for the United States Navy and four for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). In addition, eight were built in theRepublic of China (Taiwan), six in Spain, and two in Australia for their navies. Former U.S. Navy warships of this class have been sold or donated to the navies of Bahrain, Egypt, Poland, Pakistan, and Turkey.

Design and construction[edit]

Blueprint of "long-hull" design USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG-60).
The ships were designed by the Bath Iron Works shipyardin Maine in partnership with theNew York-basednaval architectsGibbs & Cox.
The Oliver Hazard Perry-class ships were produced in 445-foot (136 meter) long "short-hull" (Flight I) and 453-foot (138 meter) long "long-hull" (Flight III) variants. The long-hull ships (FFG 8, 28, 29, 32, 33, and 36-61) carry the larger SH-60 Seahawk LAMPS IIIhelicopters, while the short-hulled warships carry the smaller and less-capableSH-2 Seasprite LAMPS I. Aside from the lengths of their hulls, the principal difference between the versions is the location of the aft capstan: on long-hull ships, it sits a step below the level of the flight deck in order to provide clearance for the tail rotor of the longer Seahawk helicopters. The long-hull ships also carry the RAST (Recovery Assist Securing and Traversing) system for the Seahawk, a hook, cable, and winch system that can reel in a Seahawkfrom a hovering flight, expanding the ship's pitch-and-roll range in which flight operations are permitted. The FFG 8, 29, 32, and 33 were built as "short-hull" warships but were later modified into "long-hull" warships. Oliver Hazard Perry-class Frigates were the second class of surface ship (after the Spruance-class destroyers) in the US Navy to be built with gas turbine propulsion. The gas turbine propulsion plant was more automated than other Navy propulsion plants at the time and could be centrally monitored and controlled from a remote engineering control center away from the engines. The gas turbine propulsion plants also allowed the ship's speed to be controlled directly from the bridge via a throttle control, a first for the US Navy.
American shipyards constructed Oliver Hazard Perry-class ships for the U.S. Navy and the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Early American-built Australian ships were originally built as the "short-hull" version, but they were modified during the 1980s to the "long-hull" design. Shipyards in Australia, Spain, and the Republic of China have produced several warships of the "long-hull" design for their navies.
Scheme of the combat systems of the Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate.
Although the per-ship costs rose greatly[citation needed]over the period of production, all 51 ships planned for the U.S. Navy were built. Some Oliver Hazard Perry-class warships are planned to remain in American service for years, but some of the older ships have been decommissioned and some scrapped. Others of these decommissioned ships have been transferred to the navies of other countries, including Bahrain,Egypt, Poland, Pakistan, and Turkey. Several of these have replaced old Second World War-built American destroyers that had been given to those countries.
During the design phase of the Oliver Hazard Perry class, head of the Royal Corps of Naval Constructors, R.J. Daniels, was invited by an old friend, US Chief of the Bureau of Ships, Adm Robert C Gooding, to advise upon the use of variable-pitch propellers in the class. During the course of this conversation, Daniels warned Gooding against the use of aluminium in the superstructure of the FFG-7 class as he believed it would lead to structural weaknesses. A number of ships subsequently developed structural cracks, including a 40 ft fissure in USS Duncan, before the problems were remedied.[2]
The Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates were designed primarily as anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare guided-missile warships intended to provide open-ocean escort of amphibious warfare ships and merchant ship convoys in moderate threat environments in a potential war with the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact countries. They could also provide air defense against 1970s- and 1980s-era aircraft and anti-ship missiles. These warships are equipped to escort and protect aircraft carrier battle groups, amphibious landing groups, underway replenishment groups, and merchant ship convoys. They can conduct independent operations to perform such tasks as surveillance of illegal drug smugglers, maritime interception operations, and exercises with other nations.[3]
The addition of the Naval Tactical Data System, LAMPS helicopters, and the Tactical Towed Array System (TACTAS) gave these warships a combat capability far beyond the original expectations. They are well-suited for the littoral regions and most war-at-sea scenarios.

Notable combat actions[edit]

USS Stark listing to port following an air attack
Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates made worldwide news twice during the 1980s. Despite being small, these frigates were shown to be extremely durable. During the Iran–Iraq War, on 17 May 1987, the USS Stark was attacked by an Iraqi warplane. Struck by two Exocetanti-ship missiles, thirty-seven American sailors died in the deadly prelude to the AmericanOperation Earnest Will, the reflagging and escorting of oil tankers through the Persian Gulfand the Straits of Hormuz. Less than a year later, on 14 April 1988, the Samuel B. Robertswas nearly sunk by an Iranian mine. No lives were lost, but 10 sailors were evacuated from the warship for medical treatment. The Roberts crew battled fire and flooding for 2 days, ultimately managing to save the ship. The U.S. Navy retaliated four days later withOperation Praying Mantis, a one-day attack on Iranian oil platforms being used as bases for raids on merchant shipping. Those had included bases for the minelaying operations that damaged the Samuel B. Roberts. Both frigates were repaired in American shipyards and returned to full service. The USS Stark was decommissioned in 1999, and scrapped in 2006.

Modifications[edit]

United States[edit]

The U.S. Navy and Royal Australian Navy has modified its remaining Perrys to reduce their operating costs, replacing Detroit DieselCompany 16V149TI electrical generators with Caterpillar, Inc.-made diesel engines.
In mid-2000, the Navy removed the frigates' Mk 13 single-arm missile launchers and magazines because the primary missile, theStandard SM-1MR, became outmoded.[4]
USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG-60) after the removal of her foredeck Mk 13 missile launcher.
The "zone-defense" anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) capability has vanished, and all that remains is a "point-defense" type of AAW armament. It would supposedly have been too costly to refit the Standard Missile SM-1MR missiles, which had little ability to bring down sea-skimming missiles. Another reason is to allow more SM-1MRs to go to American allies that operate Perrys, such as Poland, Spain, Australia, Turkey, and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
The loss of the launchers also strips the frigates of their Harpoon anti-ship missiles. However, their Seahawk helicopters can carry the much shorter-range Penguin and Hellfireanti-ship missiles.
The last nine ships of the class have new remotely operated 25-mm Mk 38 Mod 2 Naval Gun Systems installed on platforms over the old MK 13 launcher magazine.
The U.S. Navy plans to update the Oliver Hazard Perry-class warships' Phalanx CIWS to the "Block 1B" capability, which will allow the Mk 15 20 mm Phalanx gun to shoot at fast-moving surface craft and helicopters.[citation needed] The remaining Oliver Hazard Perry-class ships are also to be fitted with the Mk 53 DLS "Nulka" missile decoy system, which will be better than the presently-equipped chaff (SRBOC, Super Rapid Blooming Offboard Chaff) and flares at guarding against anti-ship missiles. The remaining ships will also be outfitted with RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile launchers.[citation needed]
On June 16, 2009, Vice Admiral Barry McCullough turned down the suggestion of then-U.S. Senator Mel Martinez (R-FL) to keep thePerrys in service, citing their worn-out and maxed-out condition.[5] However, U.S. Representative Ander Crenshaw (R-FL) and former U.S. Representative Gene Taylor (D-MS) took up the cause to retain the vessels.[6]
The Perry-class frigates will eventually be replaced by Littoral Combat Ships by 2019. However the worn out frigates are being retired faster than the LCSs are being built, which may lead to a gap in United States Southern Command mission coverage.[7]

Australia[edit]

Australia is spending A$1.46bn to upgrade Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Adelaide-class guided-missile frigates, including equipping them to fire the SM-2 version of the Standard missile, adding an eight-cell Mk-41 vertical launch system for Evolved Sea Sparrow missiles, and installing better air-search radars and long-range sonar.
The first of the upgraded frigates, HMAS Sydney, returned to the RAN fleet in 2005. Each of the four frigates to be upgraded have the work at the Garden Island shipyard in Sydney, Australia, with the modernizations lasting between 18 months and two years. These frigates are planned to be replaced starting in 2013 by three new Hobart-class air warfare destroyers equipped with the AEGIS combat system. However, the third of those destroyers will not be commissioned until 2017, at the earliest.
The cost will be partly offset, in the short run, by the decommissioning and disposal of the two older frigates. HMAS Canberra was decommissioned on 12 November 2005 at naval base HMAS Stirling in Western Australia and HMAS Adelaide was decommissioned at that same naval base on 20 January 2008.

Turkey[edit]

The Turkish Navy had commenced the modernization of its G class frigates with the GENESIS (Gemi Entegre Savaş İdare Sistemi) combat management system in 2007.[8] The first GENESIS upgraded ship was delivered in 2007, and the last delivery is scheduled for 2011.[9] The "short-hull" Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates that are currently part of the Turkish Navy were modified with the ASISTlanding platform system at the Gölcük Naval Shipyard, so that they can accommodate the S-70B Seahawk helicopters. Turkey is planning to add one eight-cell Mk 41 Vertical Launching Systems (VLS) for the Evolved Sea Sparrow missile, to be installed forward of the present Mk 13 missile launchers, similar to the case in the modernization program of the Australian Adelaide class frigates.[10][11][12] F-495 TCG Gediz was the first ship in the class to receive the Mk 41 VLS installation.[13] There are also plans for new components to be installed that are being developed for the Milgem class warships (Ada class corvettes and F-100 class frigates) of the Turkish Navy. These include modern Three-dimensional and X-band radars developed by Aselsan and Turkish-made hull-mounted sonars. One of the G class frigates will also be used as a test-bed for Turkey's 6,000+ ton TF-2000 class anti-aircraft warfare(AAW) frigates that are currently being designed by the Turkish Naval Institute.

Operators[edit]

  •  Australia (Adelaide class): The Royal Australian Navy purchased six frigates. Four of them were built in the United States while the other two were built in Australia. Four of the ships were upgraded with the addition of an eight-cell Mk 41 VLS with 32 Evolved Sea Sparrow (ESSM) missiles, and the Standard Missile SM-2, plus upgraded radars and sonars while the other two ships were decommissioned.
  •  Bahrain: USS Jack Williams was purchased from the American government in 1996 and re-christened Sabha.
  •  Egypt: Four Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates transferred from the U.S. Navy.
  •  Pakistan: Six to be transferred,[14][dead link] The former USS McInerney transferred to Pakistani Navy in August 2010.[15]
  •  Poland: Two frigates were transferred from the U.S. Navy in 2002 and 2003.
  •  Republic of China (Taiwan) (Cheng Kung-class): Taiwanese-built. Originally eight ships were equipped with eight Hsiung Feng II anti-ship missiles, now all but PFG-1103 are carrying four HF-2 and four HF-3 supersonic AShM. The PFG-1103 Cheng Ho will change the anti-ship mix upon their major overhaul. Seven out of eight ships added Bofors 40 mm/L70 guns for both surface and anti-air use. On November 5, 2012 Minister of Defense Kao announced the U.S. government will sell Taiwan two additional Perry-class frigates that are about to be retired from the U.S. Navy for a cost of US$240 million to be retrofitted and delivered in 2015.[16]
  •  Spain (Santa Maria class): Spanish-built: six frigates.
  •  Turkey (G class): Eight former U.S. Navy Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates have been transferred to the Turkish Navy. All have undergone extensive advanced modernization programs, and they are now known as the G Class frigates. The Turkish Navy modernized G Class frigates have an additional Mk-41 Vertical Launch System capable of launching Evolved Sea Sparrow missiles for close-in, as well as their longer-range SM-1 missiles; advanced digital fire control systems and new Turkish-made sonars.
  •  Thailand: Two former U.S. Navy Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates are allocated by the US government to the Royal Thai Navy, subject to acceptance by the Thai government: the former USS Rentz and USS Vandegrift.[17]
  •  United States: The U.S. Navy commissioned 51 FFG-7 class frigates between 1977 and 1989. As of early 2013, 18 long-hullOliver Hazard Perry-class frigates remain in active service. Of these, 10 ships are in regular service, while eight ships are in active service with the Naval Reserve Force. Additionally, there are nine decommissioned ships being held for possible transfer to other countries.
On May 11, 2009, the first International Frigate Working Group met in Mayport Naval Station to discuss maintenance, obsolescence and logistics issues regarding Oliver Hazard Perry-class ships of the U.S. and foreign navies.[18]

The Oliver Hazard Perry frigates[edit]

Ship NameHull No.BuilderCommission–
Decommission		FateLink
U.S.-built
Oliver Hazard PerryFFG-7Bath Iron Works1977–1997Disposed of by scrapping, dismantling, 21 April 2006[2]
McInerneyFFG-8Bath Iron Works1979–2010Transferred to Pakistan as PNS Alamgir (F-260)[3]
WadsworthFFG-9Todd Pacific Shipyards(Todd), San Pedro1978–2002Transferred to Poland as ORP Gen. T. Kościuszko(273)[4]
DuncanFFG-10Todd, Seattle1980–1994Transferred to Turkey as a parts hulk[5]
ClarkFFG-11Bath Iron Works1980–2000Transferred to Poland as ORP Gen. K. Pułaski(272)[6]
George PhilipFFG-12Todd, San Pedro1980–2003Decommissioned, to be disposed of, 24 May 2004.[7]
Samuel Eliot MorisonFFG-13Bath Iron Works1980–2002Transferred to Turkey as TCG Gokova (F 496)[8]
SidesFFG-14Todd, San Pedro1981–2003Decommissioned, to be disposed of, 24 May 2004.[9]
EstocinFFG-15Bath Iron Works1981–2003Transferred to Turkey as TCG Goksu (F 497)[10]
Clifton SpragueFFG-16Bath Iron Works1981–1995Transferred to Turkey as TCG Gaziantep (F 490)[11]
built for Australia asHMAS AdelaideFFG-17Todd, Seattle1980–2008Disposed, sunk as diving & fishing reef, 13 April 2011[12]
built for Australia asHMAS CanberraFFG-18Todd, Seattle1981–2005Disposed, sunk as diving & fishing reef, 4 October 2009[13]
John A. MooreFFG-19Todd, San Pedro1981–2000Transferred to Turkey as TCG Gediz (F 495)[14]
AntrimFFG-20Todd, Seattle1981–1996Transferred to Turkey as TCG Giresun (F 491)[15]
FlatleyFFG-21Bath Iron Works1981–1996Transferred to Turkey as TCG Gemlik (F 492))[16]
FahrionFFG-22Todd, Seattle1982–1998Transferred to Egypt as Sharm El-Sheik (F 901)[17]
Lewis B. PullerFFG-23Todd, San Pedro1982–1998Transferred to Egypt as Toushka (F 906)[18]
Jack WilliamsFFG-24Bath Iron Works1981–1996Transferred to Bahrain as RBNS Sabha (FFG-90)[19]
CopelandFFG-25Todd, San Pedro1982–1996Transferred to Egypt as Mubarak (F 911), renamed Alexandria in 2011[20]
GalleryFFG-26Bath Iron Works1981–1996Transferred to Egypt as Taba (F 916)[21]
Mahlon S. TisdaleFFG-27Todd, San Pedro1982–1996Transferred to Turkey as TCG Gokceada (F 494)[22]
BooneFFG-28Todd, Seattle1982–2012Decommissioned 23 February 2012[23]
Stephen W. GrovesFFG-29Bath Iron Works1982–2012Decommissioned 24 February 2012[24]
ReidFFG-30Todd, San Pedro1983–1998Transferred to Turkey as TCG Gelibolu (F 493)[25]
StarkFFG-31Todd, Seattle1982–1999Disposed of by scrapping, dismantling, 21 June 2006[26]
John L. HallFFG-32Bath Iron Works1982–2012Decommissioned 9 March 2012[27]
JarrettFFG-33Todd, San Pedro1983–2011Decommissioned, held for future foreign military sale[28]
Aubrey FitchFFG-34Bath Iron Works1982–1997Disposed of by scrapping, dismantling, 19 May 2005[29]
built for Australia asHMAS SydneyFFG-35Todd, Seattle1983-In active service (Royal Australian Navy)[30]
UnderwoodFFG-36Bath Iron Works1983-2013Decommissioned 8 March 2013[31]
CrommelinFFG-37Todd, Seattle1983-2012Decommissioned 26 October 2012[32]
CurtsFFG-38Todd, San Pedro1983-2013Decommissioned 25 January 2013. Granted toMexico[19] in 2013 but transfer pending.[33]
DoyleFFG-39Bath Iron Works1983-2011Decommissioned 29 July 2011[34]
HalyburtonFFG-40Todd, Seattle1983-In active service. To be decommissioned 8 September 2014[35]
McCluskyFFG-41Todd, San Pedro1983-In active service. Set to be decommissioned in 2014. Granted to Mexico[19] for 2014 but transfer pending.[36]
KlakringFFG-42Bath Iron Works1983–2013Decommissioned 22 March 2013[37]
ThachFFG-43Todd, San Pedro1984-2013Decommissioned 1 November 2013[38]
built for Australia asHMAS DarwinFFG-44Todd, Seattle1984-In active service (Royal Australian Navy)[39]
De WertFFG-45Bath Iron Works1983-In active service. To be decommissioned 4 April 2014[40]
RentzFFG-46Todd, San Pedro1984-In active service. To be decommissioned 23 May 2014[41]
NicholasFFG-47Bath Iron Works1984-In active service. To be decommissioned 17 March 2014[42]
VandegriftFFG-48Todd, Seattle1984-In active service. To be decommissioned March 2015.[43]
Robert G. BradleyFFG-49Bath Iron Works1984-In active service. To be decommissioned 28 March 2014[44]
TaylorFFG-50Bath Iron Works1984-In active service. To be decommissioned 2015.[45]
GaryFFG-51Todd, San Pedro1984-In active service[46]
CarrFFG-52Todd, Seattle1985-2013Decommissioned 13 March 2013[47]
HawesFFG-53Bath Iron Works1985–2010Decommissioned, to be cannibalised inPhiladelphia[48]
FordFFG-54Todd, San Pedro1985-2013Decommissioned 31 October 2013[49]
ElrodFFG-55Bath Iron Works1985-In active service[50]
SimpsonFFG-56Bath Iron Works1985-In active service[51]
Reuben JamesFFG-57Todd, San Pedro1986-2013Decommissioned 30 August 2013[52]
Samuel B. RobertsFFG-58Bath Iron Works1986-In active service[53]
KauffmanFFG-59Bath Iron Works1987-In active service[54]
Rodney M. DavisFFG-60Todd, San Pedro1987-In active service[55]
IngrahamFFG-61Todd, San Pedro1989-In active service[56]
Ship NameHull No.BuilderCommission–
Decommission		FateLink
Australian-built
HMAS MelbourneFFG 05Australian Marine Engineering Consolidated (AMECON),Williamstown, Victoria1992-In active service
HMAS NewcastleFFG 06AMECON, Williamstown1993-In active service
Spanish-built
SPS Santa MaríaF81Bazan, Ferrol1986-In active service
SPS VictoriaF82Bazan, Ferrol1987-In active service
SPS NumanciaF83Bazan, Ferrol1989-In active service
SPS Reina SofíaF84Bazan, Ferrol1990-In active service
SPS NavarraF85Bazan, Ferrol1994-In active service
SPS CanariasF86Bazan, Ferrol1994-In active service
Taiwan-built (Republic of China)
ROCS Cheng KungPFG-1101China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan1993-In active service
ROCS Cheng HoPFG-1103China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan1994-In active service
ROCS Chi KuangPFG-1105China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan1995-In active service
ROCS Yueh FeiPFG-1106China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan1996-In active service
ROCS Tzu IPFG-1107China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan1997-In active service
ROCS Pan ChaoPFG-1108China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan1997-In active service
ROCS Chang ChienPFG-1109China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan1998-In active service
ROCS Tian DanPFG-1110China Shipbuilding, Kaohsiung, Taiwan2004-In active service

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ Wiggins, James F (August 2000). Defense Acquisitions: Comprehensive Strategy Needed to Improve Ship Cruise Missile Defence. United States General Accounting Office. ISBN 978-0-7567-0302-8. Retrieved 2010-02-16. pp.42
  2. Jump up^ Daniels, R.J, p.219, The End Of An Era: The Memoirs Of a Naval Constructor, Periscope Publishing Ltd, 2004, ISBN 1-904381-18-9, ISBN 978-1-904381-18-1
  3. Jump up^ Raleigh Clayton Muns, Oliver Hazard Perry Class Frigates: United States Navy (2010), p.3
  4. Jump up^ Burgess, Richard R. (September 2003). "Guided Missiles Removed from Perry-class Frigates (Sea Services section: Northrop Grumman-Built DDG Mustin Commissioned in U.S. Pacific Fleet)". Sea Power (Washington, D.C.: Navy League of the United States) 46 (9): 34. ISSN 0199-1337.OCLC 3324011. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
  5. Jump up^ Navy has few FFG options to fill LCS gap
  6. Jump up^ Mayport frigates may get reprieve
  7. Jump up^ Faram, Mark D. "Keeping frigates running no easy feat for crews." Navy Times, May 29, 2012.
  8. Jump up^ Undersecretariat of Turkish Defence Industries: GENESIS modernization program
  9. Jump up^ Turkish Navy official website: GENESIS modernization program
  10. Jump up^ MK 41 Vertical Launch Systems for Turkish Navy : Naval Forces : Defense News Air Force Army Navy News
  11. Jump up^ MK 41 Naval Vertical Missile Launch Systems Delivered, Supported (updated)
  12. Jump up^ FMS: Turkey Requests MK 41 Vertical Launch Systems
  13. Jump up^ Turkishnavy.net: First Turkish Perry With Mk-41 VLS
  14. Jump up^ Official Website - Frigates[dead link]
  15. Jump up^ Pakistan to get refurbished warship from US Times of India, October 19, 2008
  16. Jump up^ "Taiwan to buy Perry-class frigates from U.S."
  17. Jump up^ http://defense-studies.blogspot.com/2013/01/us-transfers-two-ohp-class-frigates-to.html
  18. Jump up^ Mayport hosts frigate working group
  19. ^ Jump up to:a b [1]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates.