White House Moves to Reassure Allies With South China Sea Patrol, but Quietly
WASHINGTON — For months, lawmakers and national security hawks have urged President Barack Obama to stand up to China’s land reclamation of disputed islands in the South China Sea. But now that the Obama administration finally has, the White House does not want to talk about it.
In sending a guided missile destroyer late Monday into waters China considers its territory, the Obama administration sought to exercise what officials called the right to freedom of navigation in international waters.
The move was meant to reassure allies in Japan, Vietnam and the Philippines that the United States would stand up to China’s efforts to unilaterally change facts on the ground by building up artificial islands in the Spratly Island chain.
But even as it was authorizing the naval patrol, which China promptly called a “deliberate provocation,” the White House tried to play down the incident, eager to avoid escalating a conflict between the nations, a pair of adversarial Pacific behemoths.
The White House directed Department of Defense officials not to say anything publicly about the episode. No formal announcements or news releases alerting the media to the passage of the destroyer, the Lassen, were to go out, White House officials ordered. And if asked, officials were not to speak on the record about the maneuver, administration officials said.
As a result, Defense Secretary Ash Carter was left flailing during a scheduled appearance before the Senate Armed Services Committee on Tuesday, just hours after the Lassen left territorial waters near Subi Reef, one of several artificial islands that China has built in the disputed Spratly Islands chain.
Sen. Dan Sullivan, R-Alaska, told Carter he had initially planned to “express concern” about U.S. “inaction” in combating Beijing in the South China Sea but changed his mind after hearing that the Navy warship had entered the 12-nautical-mile zone claimed by China.
“Is that true? Did we do that?” Sullivan asked.
Carter demurred. “We have said and we are acting on the basis of saying that we will fly, sail and operate wherever international law permits ... ”
Sullivan interrupted him. “Did we send a destroyer yesterday inside the 12-mile zone?”
Again, Carter sidestepped the question, and the two men went back and forth a few more times. The exchange prompted Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., to express exasperation. “Why would you not confirm or deny that that happened?”
Finally Carter acknowledged the incident. “I don’t like in general the idea of talking about our military operations,” he said. “But what you read in the newspaper is accurate.”
It was an extraordinary exchange considering the Pentagon had just hours before quietly informed reporters of the naval movement.
“This move seems to have been carefully planned and well executed to mitigate as much risk as possible,” said Derek Chollet, a former assistant secretary of defense for international security affairs. He said the administration might have just wanted to “let our actions do the talking for us.”
In fact, Carter was simply following White House orders, administration officials said. “Look, we don’t want to make this a bigger deal than it already is,” a senior administration official said Tuesday, speaking on the grounds of anonymity.
China accused the United States of committing a “deliberate provocation” by sending the destroyer into waters it claims as its own.
“China will firmly react to this deliberate provocation,” Lu Kang, a spokesman for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, said at a regularly scheduled news conference Tuesday.
Chinese authorities summoned the U.S. ambassador, Max Baucus, to the Foreign Ministry on Tuesday evening and told him that the United States should stop “threatening Chinese sovereignty and security interests,” the national broadcaster CCTV said.
The Chinese Defense Ministry said Tuesday night that two Chinese vessels — a missile destroyer, the Lanzhou, and a patrol boat, the Taizhou — had warned the U.S. warship to leave the disputed waters.
Beijing’s response, although heated, essentially repeated language it had used in the past about its sovereignty over the South China Sea.
The Pentagon said that the Lassen had stayed within the 12-nautical-mile border of the Spratly Island chain for less than an hour, and that U.S. surveillance equipment had recorded images.
The Spratly archipelago is closer to the Philippines than to China. Satellite images show that China has built Subi Reef into an island, using huge dredging equipment, and that it has started constructing a runway capable of accommodating military aircraft. It has completed another such runway in the Spratlys, on Fiery Cross Reef, and is working on a third.
The artificial islands built by China, and the broader issue of its claims over islands and small reefs in nearly 90 percent of the strategically important South China Sea, are among the most contentious issues between Washington and Beijing. The Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Vietnam all dispute China’s claims to the Spratly Islands.
The naval maneuver came a month after China’s president, Xi Jinping, and Obama met in Washington and failed to reach an agreement on China’s claims.
Xi said at a news conference during his Washington visit that China had no intention of militarizing islands in the South China Sea, but he did not expand on that pledge during his private talks with Obama, administration officials said. Officials had said before the Lassen’s mission that one purpose of such a patrol would be to test Xi’s words.
The Lassen operation was intended to show that the United States does not agree that China can prevent U.S. ships from entering a 12-nautical-mile zone that Beijing is claiming around the artificial islands.
The Pentagon apparently chose Subi Reef, which is known as a low-tide elevation, with great care, said Andrew S. Erickson, associate professor at the China Maritime Studies Institute at the U.S. Naval War College in Rhode Island.
Under the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, a low-tide elevation — one naturally submerged at high tide — is not entitled to a 12-nautical-mile territorial limit, Erickson said. Beyond a 500-meter safety zone, foreign ships and aircraft are free to operate without consultation or permission, he said.
At the Foreign Ministry on Tuesday, Lu, the spokesman, said that China had sovereignty over the Spratly chain and hence claimed the 12-nautical-mile zone.
“China has indisputable sovereignty of the Nansha Islands and adjacent waters,” Lu said, using China’s name for the Spratlys. He said that China was building in the South China Sea for the “public good.”
Referring to the United States, Lu said, “If the relevant party keeps stirring things up, it will be necessary for China to speed up its construction activities.”
The Lassen’s patrol came a week before the head of the U.S. Pacific Command, Adm. Harry B. Harris Jr., is scheduled to hold talks in Beijing with senior Chinese military officials. Harris, who has criticized China for moving “walls of sand” to create the artificial islands, has been an outspoken proponent of freedom-of-navigation patrols and has warned that the United States will conduct such forays whenever it sees fit.
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